This Case of the Month includes consultation based on the most up-to-date evidence at the time of its publication. They do not constitute medical advice and are not to serve as a substitute for medical judgment. HIV infection is unlikely in this scenario and this is likely a false positive 4th generation HIV test.īecause CCC consultations are based on information provided by the caller or clinician accessing the online consultation center, without the benefit of a direct evaluation or examination of the patient, consultations are intended to be used as a guide. False reactivity on the EIA or Western Blot assays can be due to HLA antibody, autoimmune diseases (such as lupus), cross reactivity to yeast, or to other contaminating antigens used to prepare the HIV antigens. Infection is unlikely if any of the bands that usually reveal HIV (p24, gp41, and gp120/160) are negative. If there is significant concern regarding HIV-2 infection, it may be helpful to identify the Western Blot bands, as some patterns can be more suspicious for HIV-2. Also, if using 4th generation testing, the Multispot test is the next stage in the algorithm. type 2 antibodies, as the Multispot is the only test that provides this specificity. A Multispot follow-up test could be used to differentiate HIV type 1 vs. This is likely a false positive 4th generation test. Given this patient’s risk history, how should these test results be interpreted? CCC consultant advice Results: 65 percent of the referred specimens received. WESTERN BLOT TEST RESULTS USING URINE SPECIMENS ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR. The HIV WB were interpreted by recog nized criteria published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.5. The patient’s partner had also been sober for 2 years and had negative HIV screening tests multiple times as well. FALSE POSITIVES MAY OCCUR MORE OFTEN WHEN TESTING URINE. The patient’s viral load was checked and was negative (VL<20). Once again the test was positive, repetitively reactive ELISA results, and an inconclusive Western Blot test. A repeat 4th generation test was done at the physician’s clinic approximately 6 weeks later. The patient then went to Planned Parenthood with a buccal swab, with negative results. The physician did not have information about which WB bands were reactive. The patient had initially had a 4th generation HIV test that was repeatedly reactive but the Western Blot (WB) was indeterminate. He had been sober for 2 years at the time of the screening test.
medical-conditions/sexual-and-reproductive-health/hiv-aids/diagnosis/western-blot-test.You are here: Home › Cases of Interest › Case of the Month: Possible False Positive HIV Test Case of the Month: Possible False Positive HIV TestĪ physician called about HIV screening for a 38-year-old man who wanted to be tested because he was getting married and had a history of injection drug use. Updated CDC recommendation for serologic diagnosis of Lyme disease.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/hiv-testing/test-types.html Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: Procedure and some applications. Western blot: Technique, theory, and troubleshooting. aboutAPHL/publications/Documents/ID_HIV-1-1-WesternBlotBrief_62015.pdf Limitations for the use of HIV-1 western blot in plasma/serum.5/case-of-month-possible-false-positive-hiv-test/ Case of the month: Possible false positive HIV test.You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Since it can take several weeks or months before antibodies are found in blood, the Western blot test may not always be reliable. If it causes a change in color, antibodies to a specific infection have been detected. The proteins are placed onto blotting paper that’s made from a material such as nitrocellulose.Īn enzyme is added to the paper. The Western blot uses a procedure called gel electrophoresis to identify and separate proteins by molecular weight and length. Antigens stimulate your immune system to push out antibodies in an effort to fight the disease. If you develop a viral, fungal, or bacterial infection, your body will produce proteins called antigens in response. The Western blot test looks for the antibodies against an infection, not the infection itself. If you get a positive result for Lyme disease or HIV after taking an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test, your doctor may recommend a Western blot test to you. It was invented in 1979 to identify ribosomal RNA binding proteins. The Western blot test is also known as a protein immunoblot test or immunoblotting.
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